Comment 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Leonardo da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leonardo da Vinci - Research Paper Example dia Britannica. 2011). His boundless want for information drove him past work of art. Controlled by his wonderful astuteness, sharp feeling of perception, and authority of the specialty of drawing, he examined nature; a line of request that permitted him to seek after double workmanship and science (Capra 2007). Life of Leonardo da Vinci Leonardo da Vinci was conceived of the ill-conceived relationship of a Florentine public accountant and proprietor, Ser Piero, and a youthful worker lady, Caterina (Bortolon 1967). That in any case, Leonardo da Vinci, appreciated the benefits of an authentic child and experienced childhood in his father’s domain and got the standard rudimentary instruction of those days: perusing, composing, and number juggling (Bortolon 1967). He didn't display a specific inclination for Latin, the key language of conventional learning, and higher mathematic until some other time in his life. Because of his aesthetic tendency, which showed up from the get-go throughout everyday life, he father apprenticed him to the famous craftsman Andrea Del Verrocchio (Bortolon 1967). He got a multifaceted preparing that included artistic creation and figure just as the specialized mechanical expressions in Andrea Del Verrocchio’s workshop. ... In 1482, Leonardo surrendered two artwork extends, The Adoration of the Magi for the religious community of San Donato and an adjust painting for the St Bernard Chapel, in Florence and moved to work for the duke of Milan, Duke Ludovico Sforza (Encyclop?dia Britannica. 2011). The predominant exacting scholarly environment in Milan just as the duke’s splendid court and the important task may have lured him to Milan. Undoubtedly, the 17 years spent in Milan were productive. He was profoundly regarded as a painter and a stone carver. He finished six works in Milan among which was the renowned painting, The Last Supper. He likewise had a broad workshop in Milan where he had a few disciples. Likewise, he filled in as a specialized counselor in the fields of design, fortresses, and military issues, and he filled in as a water driven and mechanical designer (Capra 2007). Following the triumphant passage of the French into Milan, Leonardo left the city most likely December 1499 or Janu ary 1500. He visited Mantua and Venice before coming back to Florence. Upon appearance in Florence, he was concurred a gathering meriting a famous child. Leonardo gave his stay in Florence to concentrated logical investigation (Capra 2007). That regardless, he was as yet associated with painting. It was during this period, 1503 †1506, that he painted Mona Lisa (Vezzosi 1997). Upon the greeting of the French representative in Milan, Charles d’ Amboise, Leonardo came back to Milan in May 1506. During his second remain in Milan, he accomplished little work as a painter; rather, he functioned as guide in engineering matters. His logical exercises arrived at their pinnacle during this time. The ejection of the French from Milan in 1513 drove Leonardo

Context Of Community Health Care And Nursing Example

Context Of Community Health Care And Nursing Example Context Of Community Health Care And Nursing â€" Essay Example > ]Context of Community Health and NursingNurses as EducatorsIntroductionThe role of nurse as teacher and educators of the community has been one of the most consistent roles of the nurse since the beginning of nursing. Community-based nursing care is part of the continuing health care services and nurses are concerned not only with clients who approach them for the services but also with the larger population. Nurse teaches clients, families, groups, and communities with the goal of educating people and helps them focus on disease and illness prevention. The centre of this research is community-based nursing with emphasis on nurses as educators of the community. Community-Based NursingCommunity-based setting includes ambulatory care, home health care, school health, and hospital setting. Ricci (2006) explains clinical practice within the community may also include case management, research, quality improvement, and discharge planning. Nurses with advanced practice and experience ma y be employed in areas of staff development, program development, and community education. Nurses must be prepared educationally and experientially to provide care in very diverse settings as the focus of health initiatives today shifts the emphasis of health care to the people themselves and their needs, reinforcing and strengthening their capacity to shape their own lives. This shift of emphasis away from dependence on health professionals toward personal involvement and patient responsibility gives nurses the opportunity to interact with individuals in a variety of self-help roles. Nurses in the community-based arena are well positioned to be the “primary force in identifying the challenges and implementing changes in women’s health for the future” (p. 23). The CommunityIt is because community-based nursing care is part of the continuum of health care services, it is important for nurses to understand the concepts of community. Community is often defined as a collection o f people sharing common characteristics, interests, needs, resources, and environments that interact with one another. The common features of a community may be common rights and privileges as members of a designated city or common ties of identity, values, norms, culture, language, or social support. Women are caregivers to children, parents, spouses, and neighbours, and provided important social support in these roles. In a community-based setting, the providers of care are concerned with not only the clients who present themselves for service, but also with the larger population of potential or at-risk clients (Ricci 2006). The Home SettingThe most frequently used setting for community health nursing practice was the home. In the homes, all the community health-nursing roles, to varying degrees, are performed. Clients who are discharge from acute care institutions, such as hospitals or mental health facilities, are regularly referred to a community health nurses for continued ca re and follow-up. Here, the community health nurse can see clients in a family and environmental context, and service can be tailored to the client’s unique needs. The home also is a setting for health promotion. Many community health-nursing visits focus on assisting families to understand and practice healthier living behaviours. Nurses may for instance, instruct clients on parenting, infant care, child discipline, diet, exercise, coping with stress, or managing grief and loss (Allender and Spradley 2004). Context Of Community Health Care And Nursing Example Context Of Community Health Care And Nursing â€" Essay Example > Context of Community Health Care and NursingCommunity Children’s NursingIntroductionCommunity children’s nursing practice is about childcare from birth and throughout childhood. Nursing sick children requires specialised nursing qualification as many believes that children have special needs and therefore needs nurses with special skills. The primary objective of many community children’s services includes parental support and the avoidance of hospitalisation for children. However, like any other programmes in health care, children’s nursing services are not free of inconsistencies that give rise to confusion. We therefore need to research and explore the concept of community children’s nursing service. This paper will discuss the origin of community children’s nursing practice and regulation. We will also include some the issue in home care, childhood, and other community health services. Community Children’s NursingCommunity children’s nursing has been adopted to take in an assortment of different terms which have beforehand been used such as paediatric community nurse, paediatric home care nurse, paediatric hospital-at-home nurse, children’s home care nurse and many others. All of these titles relate essentially to the same area of nursing practice. In UK, a community children’s nurse is a registered nurse who has completed a programme of education in community nursing leading to registration with the United Kingdom Central Council for Nursing, Midwifery, and Health Visiting. The nurse focus of work is primarily those children requiring treatment and care for acute and chronic ill health in a home setting (Littlewood 1999). Community Children’s Nursing Practice and RegulationThe practice of community children’s nursing is concerned with the provision of care to children from birth, during childhood and adolescence and sometimes into young adulthood. There is prevalent acceptance of the view that nurses who possess a registers chil dren’s nurse qualification should undertake the nursing of sick children. Many believes that if community children’s nursing care is to be advanced as a true alternative to hospital care then the children must be afforded the same rights as children who received care in hospital. Consequently, since the children have special needs, which require special skills, nursing in the community also requires special skills (Taylor 1999). The employment of qualified children’s nurses in the community according to Cook (2000) began in the 1950s, and developed in response to government reports emphasizing the importance of keeping children in their own homes for treatment whenever possible. Thus, the roles of community children’s nurses are to provide nursing care, support, information and resources to sick children and their families in settings outside of acute hospitals. A vital part of the delivery of these elements of the role is the need to sustain and nurture the relationship b etween the child and its parents or other carers. Community children’s nurses also act as an information and teaching resource for the community nurses (p. 34). Having qualified children’s nurses working in the community allows children needing complex, specialized treatment, monitoring, or care to be maintained at homes, and allows them to be discharged earlier from hospital when they have bee admitted. In order to provide this service, a number of different schemes have been set up using different models. Specialist community children’s nurses may work as an individual in a multidisciplinary primary health care team. Teams of community children’s nurses have been set up in some areas where there is large demand like the inner cities. In an ‘inreach’ schemes, community-based children’s nurses maintain some responsibility for and contact with children during short periods of hospital admission. In an ‘outreach’ schemes, hospital-based paediatric nurses provide te chnical support to children in their own homes when complex treatments or equipment are in use. Some community children’s nurses are highly specialised, focusing solely on particular conditions such as cystic fibrosis, diabetes, asthma, or cancer (Cook 2000).

The Hunger Games ( Book Report ) - 759 Words

The Hunger Games By Landon Courtney The Hunger Games was written by Suzanne Collins. The Hunger Games generates suspense, action, and science fiction, and a form of dictatorship. The setting is in Panem, formerly North America. Part of the book is in District 12, near the Appalachian Mountains. It is set in the future. Katniss Everdeen is the main character in the Hunger Games. She is sixteen years old; she is determined, loving, and caring. She has straight black hair that is usually braided. She has olive-colored skin. Her nickname, given by Gale, is Catnip, when he first met her in the woods when they were hunting. Her sisters name is Primrose Everdeen. Peeta lives in a family of bakers. He has loved Katniss since they were 5 years†¦show more content†¦Katniss and Rue destroy the food supply for the careers. Rue then dies from a spear that the boy from District 1 shoots at her. The Gamemakers say that both tributes can win if they survive, but it was a lie. Katniss finds Peeta camouflaged and wounded, from a sword gash caused by Cato. He almost dies. Peeta and Katniss decide to die together for love, but the Gamemakers stop them. They go back to District 12 and celebrate, but the Gamemakers and Peacekeepers are not happy, because they only wanted one winner. The story continues in the sequel, CatchingShow MoreRelatedHunger Games Book Report Essay1028 Words   |  5 PagesThe Hunger Games Book Report 1. State the title, author, and number of pages. The Hunger Games is a novel written by Suzanna Collins. The book consists of 374 pages. 2. Tell what the book is about. Describe the setting. The book is about Katniss, a sixteen year old girl, who lives in district 12 with her mother and her sister, Prim. Each year, the Hunger Games are held, and a boy and a girl from each district are chosen to fight to the death. Prim is chosen but Katniss volunteers to take theRead MoreBook Report for The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins621 Words   |  2 Pages I did my book report on The Hunger games, because it is suspenseful, adventurous, and has tons of action. This is about Katness, Peeta, Haymitch, Effie, and the Games. In a nation called Panem, which exisits in the land of once known as America, there were 12 districts. Previously, there was 13, but because of the start of a revolt against the Capitol, the a13th district was eliminated. Because of this attempt revolt, The Capitol holds the annual Huger Games. The Hunger Games are literally aRead MoreThe Hunger Games Book Report, 7th Grade Level. Essay630 Words   |  3 PagesThe setting in the Hunger Games is not in the past or present, but in the future. The story takes place in District 12 and in a place called the Arena. District 12 is an old and very run down. It is a very; dull place of mines. The Arena is ;where the Hunger Games take place. It is a dangerous and scary place. The main protagonist is Katnis Everdeen. She is very good and is tryihng to get back to her family. She volunteered for her sister to go into Hunger Games. Cato is the antagonist.Read MoreThe Hunger Games : Mockingjay1116 Words   |  5 Pages YASHA’S BOOK REPORT- THE HUNGER GAMES: MOCKINGJAY PLOT ‘THE HUNGER GAMES: MOCKINGJAY’ takes place several months since the last outing, Catching Fire. Seventeen year old Katniss Everdeen has survived The Hunger Games twice, but along with her outstanding victory, which bewildered The Capitol’s devious Gamemakers. There were consequences. The infuriated president of Panem, President Snow, didn’t see actions taking place in order to eliminate Katniss, which was his bidding. Therefore, he plansRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collin1626 Words   |  7 PagesIn Suzanne Collin’s trilogy The Hunger Games, the story focuses on the journey and struggles of sixteen-year-old Katniss Everdeen within the dystopian society of Panem. Throughout the books, Katniss is torn between choosing to fight the injustice and tyranny that has long been a problem for the people of Panem, or to give in to the power of the Capitol in order to keep herself and more importantly her family safe. In the end she rises up and without really intending to, becomes the hero that hasRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins911 Words   |  4 Pages The Hunger Games, a novel by Suzanne Collins, is the story of 16 years old, Katniss Everdeen, who fights to death for her district. The Hunger Games is an event hosted every year by the C apitol of Panem, where a randomly chosen boy and girl both need to represent each of the twelve districts that the capitol is composed of. When Katniss little sister, Prim, is chosen to be the representative for District twelve, Katniss volunteers to take her place and fight along her male counterpart, Peeta. TheRead MoreThe Hunger Games And The Sniper806 Words   |  4 PagesSometimes being brave is the only way to get through some situations in life. Katniss from The Hunger Games is brave and so is The Sniper from The sniper. Katniss from The Hunger games and The Sniper from The Sniper are brave because they both risk their lives for their loved ones. First of all, Katniss from The Hunger Games is a brave character because she shot very close to a judge to prove herself and she volunteered for tribute. The first reason shes brave is because she volunteered for tributeRead MoreSummary of Catching Fire by Suzanne Collins1065 Words   |  5 PagesFor my book report I chose â€Å"Catching Fire† by Suzanne Collins. Catching Fire is set in a alternative universe that is set up in a way a monarchy would function there is the king or a president who is a cold hearted human being named President Snow. Then there are the nobles or in this situation the capital people, the capital people are wealthy and they dress outrageously just so people can distinguish them from non wealthy people. Lastly skipping the presents you have the slaves or the districtsRead MoreAnalysing Movies that Have to Do with Marxism, Panopticism and Globalization1693 Words   |  7 Pagesentering into a cyber-capitalist era. The ideas of importance in this essay are as follows: Marxism, Panopticism, and Globalization. The movies that shall be examined, in relation to the ideas listed above, are as follows: Beijing Bicycle, The Hunger Games, and Fahrenheit 451. Capitalism, the embodiment of the American dream, is the idea of personal property and the pursuit of personal wealth; but, is Capitalism truly what it promises to represent? In taking a look at the movie, Beijing BicycleRead MoreThe Hunger Games By Suzanne Collins1335 Words   |  6 PagesBanned Book Report The Hunger Games By: Suzanne Collins Crystal Hodge My fingers stretch out, seeking Prim s warmth but finding only the canvas cover of the mattress. She must have had bad dreams and climbed.My sister, Prim, curled up on her side, cocooned in my mother s body their cheeks pressed together. Mashed- in nose, half of one ear missing eyes the color of rotting squash. Prim named him Buttercup insisting that his buddy yellow coat matched the bright flower buttercup was the ugly cat

Romeo and Juliet Is Still Important Now Essay - 621 Words

Romeo and Juliet was written about 400 years ago. Although it is old, Romeo and Juliet is still relevant and important to peoples’ lives. The themes used in it are the themes that people enjoy, Shakespeare invented a lot of words people use today, and good for education. Romeo and Juliet is still a great play, still has a impact and entertain contemporary audience. In Romeo and Juliet, there are many themes. Love, rivalry, arguing with parents, friendship, and fate and destiny. These themes are used today, too. For example, love. Love is the main theme in Romeo and Juliet. Nowadays, love is what most of the stories contain. It can be said that love is the most entertaining theme for the audience. Romeo and Juliet is a master piece and†¦show more content†¦Most of the people know what Romeo and Juliet is about and who Shakespeare is. ‘O’ Romeo, Romeo! Wherefore art thou Romeo?’, this is a very famous quote from Act 2, Scene 2 line 33. Most of the people know or have heard this quote before and this is an evidence that Romeo and Juliet is popular and involves in peoples’ lives. If it is not an interesting play then nobody would know about this play. It was made into movie several times. Many of the story or movie nowadays has referred Romeo and Juliet. This is also an evidence that Romeo and Juliet has a impact on our lives today too. Romeo and Juliet has been popular for a long time. This is another evidence that people thought it is great, that has something that catches peoples’ heart. Learning about what made Romeo and Juliet so good is wonderful for education. Romeo and Juliet still has a great impact on peoples’ lives. The themes are relevant, Shakespeare had invented a lot of words and phrases, also in Romeo and Juliet, and great for education. These point proves that Romeo and Juliet it relevant today. Romeo and Juliet is about 400 years old but it is still relevant and entertain people by their tragic story. Romeo and Juliet will be relevant in the future too, because of the same three reasons. Romeo and Juliet had such a huge impact so that it will be a popular storyShow MoreRelatedRomeo and Juliet, of Shakespeares Play, Were Not Immature in Their Love970 Words   |  4 Pagesread the text version of Romeo and Juliet when I was a secondary student. In order to comprehend the story deeply, I have watched Romeo Juliet (1968 film) recently. This film won many award and was very successful. Romeo and Juliet was popular, especially among teenagers since it is a romance film (Romeo and Juliet, 2014). Romeo Juliet is generally known as a sad story. This tragedy believed to occur by chance or by destiny (Studymode, 1999). Those people criticized Romeo for falling in love tooRead MoreEssay about Act 3 Scene 5 of Romeo and Juliet1332 Words   |  6 Pagesis a very important scene. Select and comment on key moments for the audience in this scene. What are some of the differences in attitudes between then and now? Act III Scene V This is a very important scene. Select and comment on key moments for the audience in this scene. What are some of the differences in attitudes between then and now? Romeo and Juliet are waking up together after there first night of being man and wife. The beginning of this scene is very important because itRead MoreRomeo And Juliet : No Greater Love?892 Words   |  4 PagesNo Greater Love? Ah! Romeo and Juliet! It is widely regarded as a classical story of true love, but is it really? And why should we care about something written over four hundred years ago? Shakespeare’s representation of true love in Romeo and Juliet is still relevant today, because he manages to portray the complex, multi-faceted ways that humans display love in. This is particularly important to young people today, because like Romeo and Juliet, they can be led astray by their emotions, by physicalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1538 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo?† (2.2.33). The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is one of the most popular plays of the greatest playwright of all time, William Shakespeare. The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet is the story of two star-crossed lovers, Romeo Juliet, who unfortunately take their own life in hopes of being together once again and ending their family feud. The deaths of these two star-crossed lover s didn’t just happen out of fine air. It was caused by the sudden events that took placeRead MoreGrowing Up, Juliet Essay examples588 Words   |  3 PagesGrowing up, Juliet The timeless story of lovers, Romeo and Juliet is horribly tragic. In Act III, Scene V of the play the tragedy begins to unfold. Although the entire play is rather dramatic, this scene reveals the effects of past decisions and is the beginning of a tragic series of misunderstandings and fatal reactions. Important relational transformations occur amongst the characters, and the tone for the rest of the play is revealed in this scene. Through language, Shakespeare presentsRead MoreRomeo and Juliet 5 Paragraph Essay1091 Words   |  5 PagesIn many literary works, there are methods that authors use to make a story better. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, dramatic irony is the driving method. Dramatic irony is something in which characters do not know something, but the reader or audience knows what the true reality is. According to some researchers, â€Å"A staple of Elizabethan and Shakespearean drama was dramatic irony† (Halio 25). Furthermore some researchers also belive that dramatic irony is very prominentRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1180 Words   |  5 Pageswhether it is true or not. William Shakespeare explores this statement, as he writes his most famous play, Romeo and Juliet. The play is set in the town of Verona in France, where two families, the Montagues and the Capulets, struggle to keep peace, as the feud of many generations still splits the town in half. Through their family feuds, the two young lovers, the Montague Romeo and the Capulet Juliet, try to have a relationships. However, many events eventually lead them to the downfall of both charactersRead MoreShakespeares Use of Imagery and Symbolism to Create Dramatic Tension in Romeo and Juliet1606 Words   |  7 PagesShakespeares Use of Imagery and Symbolism to Create Dramatic Tension in Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet is set in 16th Century Verona. It concerns two main characters, Romeo and Juliet, and their fight to keep their love and themselves alive. Romeo and Juliet are the only children of two feuding aristocratic families, the Capulets and the Montagues. At a party held by Lord Capulet, the two meet and instantaneously fall in love. Read MoreKayley Wang . Ms. Kilburn. English 1 H. 4 April1493 Words   |  6 PagesCharacters in Romeo and Juliet   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, Juliet Capulet and Romeo Montague are greatly influenced by other characters. Many of their important choices and actions are altered and changed due to the advice that they receive from the people around them. Throughout the play, many characters suggest ideas and opinions to Romeo and Juliet with good intentions, however, these suggestions ultimately cause significant problems.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The decisions that Romeo makes throughoutRead MoreRomeo Is Completely to Blame for the Tragic Outcome in the Play.1359 Words   |  6 PagesRomeo is completely to blame for the tragic outcome in the play. William Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet is without doubt one of the most well-known love story. Throughout the five acts of the play, one tragedy follows another, with the famous suicide of Romeo and Juliet as a tragic conclusion. Throughout the play, it may seem that Romeo caused these events to unfold, however it is unjust to say that he bears all responsibility for the tragedy. The decisions, actions and circumstances that

A Friendly Enemy Essay Example For Students

A Friendly Enemy Essay A Friendly Enemy Death is my wish for myself, my enemies, my children (Euripedes translated by Robinson Jeffers, Medea 11). Medea is hungry for death. She wants to taste it on her lips and wishes others to do the same. The value which Medea gives death is to use it as a weapon against her enemies. On the other hand, the women and the nurse fear death. Death,to the women and to the nurse is something that should not be wished for. O shining sky, divine earth,Harken not to the song that this woman sings (13). One of the Greek women says this, for Medea is screaming out that she would like to die. The women and the nurse hear Medea wishing for death as if it were a treasure or something valuable. The nurse and women are not in agreement with Medeas view of death. To them, death would be something that lurks around anything and anywhere waiting to strike. He strikes from the clear sky like a hawk, he hides behind green leaves, or he waits around the corner of a wall(12). To a Greek woman death is personified as a hunter or killer. She uses an animal, the hawk,to compare to death. A hawk is a swift predator that attacks unnoticed, but to Medea death is a trophy. For Medea death has a value of importance. A friendship has been established. Death is Medeas friend. She uses it as a weapon to get what she views as justice. Then if you have a dog eyed enemy and needed absolute vengeance . . . Unchild him, ha? And then unlife him(23). Medea believed with great depth to get vengeance upon Jason. She wanted to go through with her vengeance and hurt Jason as Jason hurt her. Jason left Medea for another woman thus leaving her miserable and craving for revenge. Thus, she went on taking the life of his bride-to-be and the life of their children. She also wanted to wash herself from the impurities of Jasons touch. Ah, rotten, rotten, rotten: death is the only water to wash this dirt (12). This is a metaphor for she compares death to a water, which is a symbol of pureness, to cleanse herself. The nurse and women have almost pleaded to Medea not to even think about death, but because of her resentment and hate towards Jason she is deaf to the womens advice. The importance given to death by Medea is rejected by the women. Death would only make things worse in the womens eyes. To Medea everything will be put in place and justice would be served. The feelings towards death among the women and Medea personified death. Death was an enemy to the women, yet a friend to Medea. Death was valued as a weapon of revenge by Medea and viewed as a weapon of destruction to the women. Life is more precious to the women but Medea does not think of life as precious. She is being selfish only thinking about her friend death to reach her goal; revenge.

Wild Oats Swot free essay sample

It offers a selection of perishable foods designed to appeal to both natural foods and gourmet shoppers. The company’s private label offerings feature over 2000 SKUs. Whole Foods Market markets its private label products under different brand names 365 Everyday Value, 365 Organic Everyday Value, and the Whole Brands family. The products sold under the 365 brand (365 Everyday Value and 365 Organic Everyday Value) are less expensive than other products offered at Whole Foods Markets stores. The 365 Organic Everyday Value brand provides all of the benefits of organic food at lower prices. Whole Kids Organic is an organic food product line developed for children under the Whole Kids label. Whole brands family includes Whole Kitchen (pre-packaged fresh and frozen grocery), Whole Treat (frozen desserts and candies), Whole Catch (frozen seafood items), Whole Fields (produce and produce support items), Whole Pantry (pantry items such as flavored olive oils and vinegars), Whole Creamery (cheeses), Whole Ranch (frozen burgers and franks) and Whole Paws (pet food). We will write a custom essay sample on Wild Oats Swot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition to these, the company has number of store-made and regionally-made fresh items sold under the Whole Foods Market label. It also offers specialty and organic coffees and teas through its Allegro Coffee Company subsidiary. This wide product range allows the company to address multiple customer segments and price points which help to limit it from fall in demand for any specific product or segment. Weaknesses: Relatively small scale of operations The company has small scale of operations as compared to its competitors. It has 263 stores in 37 states in the US, 7 stores in Canada, and 6 in the UK. The company’s competitor, Supervalu, has 2,478 stores and its operations span across 48 states in the US. Safeway, another competitor of the company, has 1,775 stores across the US and Canada. Beside these companies, Whole Foods Market has to compete with big players, like Wal-Mart, which operates in 15 countries. All of these retailers are expanding its natural and organic food offering. Whole Foods Matket’s relatively small scale of operations is likely to prove a drain on the resources of the company. Conservative advertising policy The company relies heavily on word-of-mouth publicity, a disadvantage in comparison to those rivals who aggressively use print, television and online media. It spends meager amounts on advertising and marketing. In 2007, Whole Foods Market spent 0. 5% of total revenues on advertising. Although demand for organic foods is increasing, there is scope to step up the growth rate through aggressive advertising given that consumer awareness of organic products is still relatively low. Competition in the segment is also increasing as more retailers begin to offer organic products. With Whole Foods Market still relying heavily on word-of-mouth publicity, as a result, its new stores may take longer than usual to break even. Opportunities: Increasing demand for organic products Natural and organic food products segment is one of the fastest growing categories in food retailing. In 2006, organic food market grew by 12. 3% to reach a value of $15. 9 billion. The US is the most lucrative market for organic food in the world, accounting for 43. 3% of global market’s value. In 2011, the US organic food market is forecast to have a value of $26. 3 billion, an increase of 65. 6% since 2006. Consumers across the US are showing increased preference for natural, fat-free and healthy food products. Increasing customer preference for organic foods is likely to favorably impact the company’s sales. Expansion in UK – and other geo-markets The UK organic food market grew by 30% in 2006 to reach a value of $2. 9 billion. The UK market for organic food is expected to increase by 86. 5% since 2006 to reach a value of $5. 4 billion by 2011. Also, UK accounts for 19. 9% of the European organic food markets value. Whole Foods Market has six stores in the UK; it operates five stores acquired from Fresh Wild. The sixth store company opened in June 2007 is 80,000 square foot store in London, and is its first major store in Europe. The company could exploit the growth of the UK organic food and drinks market to expand its existing operations, which would result in earning incremental revenues. Whole Foods does not currently participate in markets outside North America and the UK. Acquisition of Wild Oats The company acquired Wild Oats, a natural and organic foods retailer in North America in August 2007. Wild Oat’s acquisition has added 74 stores (70 in US and 4 in Canada) in Whole Foods Market’s chain of stores. This acquisition will boost the competitive position and provide wider presence in the natural and organic food market in the US and Canada. This would also increase company’s customer base and leverage growing demand for natural and organic food products to increase its revenues. Threats: Competition The company faces intense competition in the single market it operates in. Its competitors currently include other natural foods supermarkets, conventional and specialty supermarkets, other natural foods stores, warehouse membership stores, small specialty stores and restaurants. It faces competition from Kroger’s, a US retailer operating 2,507 stores under numerous banners including Kroger, Ralphs, Fred Meyer, Food 4 Less, King Soopers and Smith’s. Kroger’s also operates 791 convenience stores. Big players like Wal-Mart and supermarkets like Safeway are expanding product ranges and introducing natural and organic personal care products. Increased competition may have an adverse effect on profitability as the result of lower sales, lower gross profits and/or greater operating costs such as marketing. Labeling and other regulations As the company operates in the natural and organic foods market, its stores and products are subject to several laws and regulations relating to health, sanitation and food labeling. Several federal agencies and departments including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set critical standards for the manufacture, processing, formulation, packaging, labeling and advertising of products. Failure to comply with these standards could result in penalties and seizure of marketing and sales licenses. These regulations also result in additional compliance costs, which reduce company’s margins. Economic slowdown in US The US is the key market of the company. According to the IMF world economy outlook, the real GDP growth of the US is expected to slowdown in 2008. The GDP growth of the US economy is forecasted to slow down from 3. 3% in 2006 to 2. 8% in 2008. A weak economic outlook for the US would put pressure on the revenues of the company. Summary: Whole Foods Market is a retailer of natural and organic food products. The company offers a broad product selection in all its stores, including seafood, grocery, meat and poultry, bakery, prepared foods, specialty, nutritional supplements and vitamins, body care, books, floral products, pet products and household products. The company has recorded strong financial performance in the recent years, which has helped the company to pursue its expansion plans. However, competition in the organic and natural foods market threatens to erode the market share of the company that could reduce its margins.

Scriabin essays

Scriabin essays The history of western music is riddled with the eccentric personalities of composer and performer alike. None, however, are quite so extraordinary as Alexander Scriabin (1871-1915). A composer of massively ambitious works who is nonetheless best regarded for his piano miniatures and sonatas, Scriabin embodied many contradictions. He was at once avant-garde and conservative, worldly and naive. Faubion Bowers, Scriabins principal biographer, asks and answers, "Who was he, this central Scriabin? A composer, pianist, poet, mystic, solipsist, and semi-, theo-philosopher." Scriabin was indeed all of these things, but only two of these hats fit him well. He was a pianist of remarkable ability, and equally adept as a composer, while his mysticism has served only to trivialize his music. In spite of the high quality of his compositions, Scriabin is by no means a household name. Though he has long been a favorite of many pianists, comparatively few people outside of his native countr y of Russia would know much about him or his music. Nevertheless, Scriabin was an innovator of great importance in Russia, even if his influence was more muted in the West. As his compositional idiom developed, during Scriabins final years, "his music pushed further into the realms of atonality than any Russian composer had dared to go." Yet, despite his achievements, Scriabins place in annals of Western music is relatively minor and oft debated, mostly due to the fact that few, if any, composers ever followed in his path. Like many composers, Scriabins works are often problematically separated into different periods; in his case, early, middle and late. The problem arises due to the fact that there are no clear breaks in Scriabins portfolio to make such easy separations. Rather, his creative work was in constant development, maturing from a conservative Chopinesque style into an idiom that was innovative and thorough...

Ask an Expert How to Boost your Author SEO Reedsy

Ask an Expert How to Boost your Author SEO Reedsy How to Boost your Author SEO: An Interview with Murray Izenwasser As an author in the beginning stages of a marketing strategy, where do you start when it comes to author Search Engine Optimization (SEO)? It can be very daunting having to compete with large publishing houses as well as already successful and well-known authors. To help tackle this really important topic, we had SEO expert Murray Izenwasser give his insights on how exactly author SEO works.Click play below to watch the video chat or read the transcript below! Hi Murray, I really appreciate you talking with me today. Why don’t you start out by giving us a bit of background on yourself and Biztegra?Thank you! I’ve been doing the online stuff since the 90s so a long time, but Biztegra has been around for about 6 or 7 years now. When we started Biztegra we wanted to bring the digital agency and the way we approach it to a smaller organization. We do two things: marketing on one side and technology on the other. With marketing, we do the optimizations for searches on social and mobile applications and for technology we have developers in Argentina who build out the web, social, and mobile applications we need to support those marketing programs.Last year, we launched a product called Publishr, which is a platform where our publishing clients will be able to move their websites over and onto. In the publishing industry, we’ve found that there’s a lot of opportunities for websites to improve. Historically, people in p ublishing were â€Å"bound† to traditional printing and now the people who are left are the onesThat's great and I agree with you that it really just does come down to time and not annoying your audience. This has been very helpful for our authors who are either trying to rank higher on Google or building their author website or trying to gain traffic on their blogs. Thank you so much, Murray!Follow Murray Izenwasser and Reedsy on Twitter: @MurrayIz and @ReedsyHQHave you experimented with SEO and Content Marketing? Do you have a marketing strategy for your next book launch? Let us know your thoughts, or ask Murray any question you want, in the comments below!

Iphone Sales Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Iphone Sales - Essay Example Based on the statistics it can be reflected that iPhone in the last 4 year has reached to the historical peak, with more than 100% year-on-year growth in the every quarter. Moreover, in the first and second quarter, iPhone sales grew between 20% and 45% respectively in the market UBS's i.e. the well known foreign investment bank highlighted the fact that in the September quarter of 2015, the sales figure of iPhone is expected to reach 49 million. This suggests optimistic growth prospects of the iPhone sales on the basis of ‘iPhone Monitoring Modeling’, which mainly inferred from the search of iPhone in the worldwide network. Over the past four years, the growth in the iPhone was recognized to be around 73%, 20%, 13% and 35% respectively. Moreover, it has been affirmed that in the upcoming year the sale of iPhone is expected to rise due to high response and attractiveness of iPhone 6s among the customers. In this regard, it has been highlighted that there are still 73% of iPhone users willing to upgrade the configuration with big size screen of the iPhone 6 and iPhone Plus, so the new generation sales of the same period continue to grow more. In fiscal 2016, it is expected that iPhone sales would increase by 6% to 245 million units. Apple continues to benefit from China's growth, according to the data provided and during the second quarter, the iPhone's search volume rose 100% year-on-year. Apple is a successful case in China, besides consumers are willing to upgrade the iPhone with higher prices.

Management Accounting IP Week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management Accounting IP Week 3 - Essay Example The ski selected is a mass-market ski with a special binding. It will be sold to wholesalers for $80 per pair. Because of availability capacity, no additional fixed charges will be incurred to produce the skis. A $100,000 fixed charge will be absorbed by the skis, however, to allocate a fair share of the company’s present fixed costs to the new product. Ski Pro has approached a subcontractor to discuss the possibility of purchasing the bindings. The purchase price of the bindings from the subcontractor would be $5.25 per binding, or $10.50 per pair. If the Ski Pro Corporation accepts the purchase proposal, it is predicted that direct-labor and variable-overhead costs would be reduced by 10% and direct-material costs would be reduced by 20%. The above calculations show that when Minnetonka Corporation is making the bindings the contribution margin was $10 and when it is from the subcontractor, the contribution margin was $9.5. Thus contribution margin when buying is getting reduced by $0.5 Therefore it is suggested that Minnetonka Corporation should make bindings as contribution margin is higher, rather than buy it from sub-contractor. There is not profit or loss when Minnetonka is making the bindings however if it buys it is incurring a loss of $5000. Hence Minnetonka should make the bindings. The maximum purchase price that should be acceptable to Minnetonka Corporation would be where the contribution margin from buying is at least equal to the contribution margin from making the bindings so that whatever profit or loss incurred when bought is equal when making the bindings. From the calculations in the spreadsheet it was found that if contribution has to be same with both making and buying, that is $10 then Minnetonka Corporation should buy the bindings from the subcontractor at maximum purchase of $10 /pr or $5 per binding. 3. Instead of sales of 10,000 pair of skis, revised estimates show sales volume at 12,500 pair. At this new volume, additional

Tractarian Objects Cannot Be Properties and Relations :: Philosophy Papers

Tractarian Objects Cannot Be Properties and Relations One of the most frequently discussed notions in Wittgenstein’s Tractatus is the notion of simple object. However, among the literature on Tractarian objects, recent or classic, none has treated configurations of objects as a major and non-trivial issue. In this paper, I show that a detailed study of configurations of objects will yield a series of interesting and important results: it leads to a new understanding of the picture theory, helps us calculate the maximum numbers of internal and external properties of objects, and enables us to reinterpret and reach a solution to the notorious debate on whether properties and relations should be included as Tractarian objects. In this paper I reinterpret and offer a solution to one of the most famous debates in Wittgenstein's early philosophy: the debate whether the Tractarian objects include properties and relations (hereinafter 'PRO' for the thesis that properties and relations are Tractarian objects, 'PRO debate' for the debate whether properties and relations are Tractarian objects, and 'PRO issue' for the issue whether properties and relations are Tractarian objects). Since the very beginning, PRO debate has been equated with the debate whether objects include universals in many secondary literatures. However, it seems to me that these two debates are not exactly the same thing, for the following reasons: PRO debate is in fact a debate concerning whether properties and relations are objects or "modes of configurations of objects" (hereinafter 'MCOs'), insofar as object and MCO are two distinct and exhaustive types of components of states of affairs. Since the essential difference between objects and MCOs is that objects can be the subject matter of states of affairs while MCOs cannot, PRO debate is essentially a debate concerning the logical status of properties and relations, i.e., whether properties and relations can be the subject matter of states of affairs. However, the debate whether objects include universals is a debate concerning the metaphysical nature of objects, i.e., whether some objects can have multiple instances at the same time. T he two debates are clearly not logically equivalent, for on the one hand, we can hold that properties and relations cannot be the subject matter of states of affairs, and yet insist that the Tractarian objects be abstract entities, e.g., Platonic forms; on the other, we can hold that properties and relations are also what states of affairs are about, and yet claim that they are nominalized properties and relations, and moreover, all of the Tractarian objects are particulars, e.

Aids In Africa

The pandemic brought about by the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Africa has become a very popular topic among healthcare experts, and interestingly, also among U.S. policymakers. This level of attention is due to the high mortality rate of AIDS victims in the said region as well as the significantly low life-expectancy among those infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – the pathogen that causes AIDS.In order to have a broader understanding about the topic four different kinds of literature related to the topic will be used to analyze the impact of the AIDS pandemic in Africa.Infectious Diseases EpidemiologyThe first source that will be analyzed is a reference book entitled, Infectious Diseases Epidemiology: Theory and Practice. This reference books deal with the transmission and control of diseases and it has a section dealing with AIDS/HIV.The authors were able to fully explain how AIDS is transmitted and also how to control the spread of the viru s. There is also a section that describes one of the most ambitious plans to significantly reduce the impact of AIDS/HIV in Africa.This source is valid and reliable as it is consistent with other sources that will be reviewed later in this study. Aside from that, the publisher, Jones and Bartlett in Massachusetts is a reputable publishing house.This source provides an overview of the AIDS/HIV problem in general and also provides information why it is very difficult to curb the problem of HIV infection in Africa. The discussion regarding transmission of the HIV virus will greatly increase awareness as to the kind of behavior that will lead to infection.The information that can be gathered through reading this source will help government officials to create strategies and enact laws that will make it harder for the virus to spread.This source is of great value to individuals, government or non-government agencies desiring to lend support in the fight against AIDS/HIV in Africa.This is because not only is the source an excellent reference guide for the epidemiology of the disease but it also provides useful information on what is being done to stop the virus from overwhelming the whole continent (Nelson & Masters, p. 869). There is a need to combine knowledge of science and knowledge of how to understand people.Life ExpectancyThe second resource that will be used for this study was taken from an article in The New York Times, entitled, Devastated by AIDS, Africa Sees Life Expectancy Plunge. The article provides a more tangible proof that indeed AIDS/HIV is wreaking havoc in Africa.It is one thing to simply know about the epidemiology of the disease and it is quite another to learn that infants born in seven African nations – those with very high HIV infection – could not expect to live beyond 40. Due to the catastrophic figures given, some of Africa’s politicians are saying that the numbers maybe inaccurate (Dugger, par. 7).But the report see ms to be saying that irregardless of the exact life expectancy number, there is widespread agreement that people are dying young inside the continent.One of the most information that could be gleaned from this article is the fact that people living in sub-Saharan Africa are not only dying young, their premature deaths increase the level of poverty in this region.The deaths of thousands of young men and women meant that there will be few people – especially those in the prime of their lives – who can contribute in the field of education, healthcare and various industries. This will cause a chain-reaction of events.For one there will be no strong and able bodied men and women who can spearhead the drive to eradicate AIDS/HIV and the reason is simple, many of them have died. If Africa continues to suffer from the AIDS/HIV pandemic, then it will not take long before the continent will destroy itself due to people living without hope.If the children are the future of a nati on then surely the AIDS pandemic is creating a bleak future for sub-Saharan Africa.This is a valid source of information because it came from a reputable source – The New York Times.Moreover, the information that can be gathered from reading this text supports many of the findings reviewed from other sources. Aside from being accurate, this resource is a valuable source of information because it focuses on falling life expectancy in sub-Saharan Africa. This will help African politicians as well as their policymakers map out strategies that will help solve the problem.PEPFARThe official website of â€Å"The United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief† (PEPFAR) will be the third resource for this study. The site offers a wide array of information regarding the AIDS/HIV pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa.The site talks about the reason behind the creation of PEPFAR and what it hopes to achieve in the long run. PEPFAR is US-based and appears to be one of th e most important achievements of the Bush administration. This is a reliable source because it is a website created by the U.S. Federal government.There are also other U.S. government agencies that acknowledged the significance of PEPFAR and news agencies are also well aware of its existence.One of the most interesting facts that can be gleaned from the website pertains to the plan of former president George W. Bush to position the United States to lead in the fight against global HIV/AIDS. At the center of the plan is the need to focus resources on a region with one of the highest incidence of AIDS/HIV and this is sub-Saharan Africa.Aside from the lofty goals set by PEPFAR another interesting facet of this plan is the pledge by the U.S. government, to disburse billions of dollars of taxpayer’s money to help non-Americans, thousands of miles away.This was a daring move by the former president Bush who insisted that America is ready and financially able, to take a stand agains t HIV/AIDS. The former president authorized the release of a multi-billion package that will ensure that a significant part of Sub-Saharan Africa will be able to experience outside help. The huge amounts involved will signal to the rest of the world that America is ready.This resource is valuable not only because it provides an overview of the whole PEPFAR initiative. But aside from that, the website also provides detailed information with regards to the steps required leading to the creation of PEPFAR.The site also provides links that will help people discover how the president intended to finance a project that is so massive and so expensive that it is almost impossible for this Federal funded program to succeed.Corruption in AfricaThe fourth resource that will be used for this study is a book entitled, Corruption in Africa: Causes, Consequences, and Cleanups. The authors attempted to explain the unique circumstance that created a host of problems for Africa.Corruption in this sid e of the world was linked to power-hungry officials who used their position to enrich themselves. When it comes to corruption and the AIDS/HIV pandemic the common denominator is poverty, lack of education and the absence of government services that help worsen the situation in sub-Saharan Africa.This book is an excellent resource when dealing with factors aside from epidemiology and healthcare. It is very important that policymakers and strategists take a closer look at impact of corruption and why increasing the number of health workers and saturating the region with drugs will never be enough to solve the AIDS/HIV pandemic.The socio-political aspect must be considered as well. There is indeed a clear link between corruption and poverty and when these two are present it creates a social order where the government is inefficient and could not provide the necessary services that in turn will strengthen the capability of Africans to resist the AIDS/HIV onslaught.This is a reliable res ource because it is consistent with research findings used to support the three previous sources. For instance a good education will make it easier for health workers to explain the reason why sexual intercourse and the sharing of contaminated needles are two of the most important means to transmit the virus.If the people are well-educated then it is easy for them to understand the steps required to avoid those problems. But with corruption comes the inability to have access to good education and when the people are ignorant it will be easy for the virus to spread. AIDS in Africa The number of people living with Human Immune-Deficiency Virus (HIV) in Africa especially in Sub-Saharan part is quite big. More than half of the population is infected with HIV AIDS and the number of individuals being infected increases each day.It usually causes high death rates in children and adults. According to statistics, the number of those who are infected is quite high which is about 2.3 million adults and children (UNAIDS, 2006). The number seems to be dropping drastically which portrays that there has been a change of behaviour which has made the number to reduce and also the decrease can be as a result of increased mortality rate of those who are infected.The number of people who are most affected by AIDS are prostitutes and their clients homosexuals and most of individuals who inject themselves with drugs. In Sub-Saharan region HIV transmission is mostly experienced in most of heterosexual transmission in Africa most of the women are infected at early stages which incre ases the gap between men and women who are infected with HIV.In Africa, South Africa is the country which has the highest prevalence rate of individual who are infected with AIDS.According to epidemiological survey, it shows that the number of infected individuals in this country does not decrease and the main factors which have lead to this increase includes social instability, poverty, family disruption migratory labor system which leads to increased morbidity, sexual transmitted diseases are in increased levels in these regions, women lives in low status and sexual violence.The increased incidence rate of Aids in Africa has lead to a major economical problem which has made the country’s economy in most of Sub-Saharan countries to drop drastically and people in these regions to live under a lot of poverty.According to various statistics, most of the Sub-Saharan Africa countries drop economically with around 1-2% of the total economic status of the country annually. Most of the families with individuals who are infected with HIV AIDS live in total poverty than the rest of the household.This is because the level of productivity decreases drastically since individuals infected with HIV become weak and they are unable to carry on with their daily routine work.These individuals in most cases who are young eventually die leaving young children and the aged who are not able to work for their basic need. They are therefore left to depend on well wishers, government and other non governmental organizations for their living.Due to high death rates, it has also lead to great food shortage since those who work in farms are usually the young generation which is the group which is highly infected. This has lead to lack of essential labor which is needed in farm and therefore the family can result to use of finances which were not necessary to purchase food.In some Sub-Saharan countries such as South Africa, most of productive individuals such as those who work in v arious governmental organizations are dying of AIDS at a very high rate which makes the country to lost important people who are skilled and had a high potential of bringing revenue to the government.These usually pose a major drawback of the economic status of the country. When these individuals die, vital services are not delivered to the public and this can lead to loss of revenue that government could gain from these services.The main sector which is mainly affected by the high prevalence rate of HIV is the labor sector. This is because most of the individuals who are affected by AIDS are between the age of 15-49 which is the most productive age which is mainly the working age.When the labor of the country drops, its economic status is also affected this is mostly experienced by those individuals who are directly affected or infected by AIDS.When those people who are already trained for various job die because of AIDS, it means that factories, industries, schools and hospitals h ave to incur extra cost for training more skilled individuals who can replace them and those who can work efficiently (Cohen 1990). In order to facilitate this, these sectors have to use a lot of money which could be used for other purposes to boost the economic status of these sectors.Due to strong impact that HIV sets on labor force, in various enterprises and household, HIV has acted as a quite significant factor in drop of the economic development and growth of countries and also in individuals. It has played quite a vital effect in the economic development of Africa as a whole.Due to the fact that Africa faces a major economic drawback, it has made it quite difficulty for African countries to fight the epidemic. This is because the disease prevalence rate is quite high and the economic status of he country and individuals goes down which makes most of individuals not to afford the antiretroviral drugs (ARV) therapies which can help to reduce the prevalence rate of diseases.In s ome cases the productivity of infected individuals can be boosted by proper feeding and good diet, but in these Sub-Saharan countries, its quite hard for infected individual to have proper diet which will help in boosting the immune status of the body since there is no enough money to be supplemented in buying of food.Due to high poverty levels of those who are infected and their low economic status, the prevention methods which can be used to minimize high rate of disease infection are not quite applicable due to lack of money. This has increased the disease occurrence a lot since no prevention measures are taken and therefore transmission rate is quite high.This is mostly experienced in mother child transmission, since most of expectant women who are living in extreme poverty do not have money to attend the antenatal clinic and they usually end up delivering at home where there are no measures which are taken into consideration to prevent the disease from being transmitted to the child.In some cases, individuals who are infected with HIV also have high chances of being infected with other opportunistic infections which mainly affects individuals with AIDS such as TB. Due to their inability to access medical services due to lack of money, they get weak quite quickly and can result to death. In this case the economic status of the country drop due to lack of money.Most of the countries in Sub Saharan live under extreme poverty which makes them to lack basic access to education which is a major factor which can be used to alleviate poverty levels and boost the economic status of the country (Avert org, 2008). Those individuals who do not have basic education on the effect AIDS end up contacting it carelessly which increases transmission rate due to lack of knowledge about the impact the disease has on the society.Social impact of children and women in South AfricaSouth Africa is one of the countries in the Sub-Saharan region with quite a high prevalence rate of AIDS its estimated that around 15-20% of its total adult population is infected with HIV. The number of those individuals who are infected has greatly exceeded the number which was considered to be possible initially.There is no evidence of epidemic slowing in South Africa since around 4.9-6.1 million people in the country are infected with AIDS. Statistics carried out on 2004 showed that around 1-3 expectant mother are infected with HIV and since then gradual increase has been realized.

Summary Of The Night Football Games - 787 Words

She has long brown hair and a perfect smile. She is stubborn and determined. She is defiantly going where she wants to be. The girl I’m describing is like no other. She is my little sister Lyssa. Lyssa has almond shaped eyes that are the perfect shade of brown, not too light and not too dark. Her hair is down to about the middle of her back and dries stick straight without any hot tools. Her nose is skinny and pointed, and her lips are on the smaller side. Her eye brows have a perfect arch and her teeth are very straight. Lyssa does her makeup very well. I think she could do it professionally if she wanted to. She does her makeup every day. Obviously not because she needs it but because she wants to and she loves it almost as much as she loves being a majorette. Twirling at the Friday night football games is all she has wanted to do since she joined a twirling team in sixth grade. When she found out that the high school she was going to be attending has a team. She knew she had to be on the team. That was one of the first things I seen her work so hard for. Every day for hours she worked on her spins, and routines. She is and inspiration to those around her who can look past her attitude. A lot of people ask how she can be such an inspiration to a nineteen year old she is only fourteen. I answer this question by saying inspiration comes from many places, people, and most importantly the ones close to you. She is my inspiration because for as long as I can remember I haveShow MoreRelatedDeep Zone Book Report881 Words   |  4 PagesZone) 3rd Block Plot Summary The characters are Thane, Ty, Troy, Tate, and Agent Sutherland. Ty is this story’s main character. Thane is his older brother and an NFL star. Ty meets Troy and Tate in Miami at the football tournament. Agent Sutherland is an FBI agent protecting Ty from the mob while Thane is away. The setting is in Miami and in the swamp. 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The Skills And Knowledge I Learned Through The Course

Introduction The following paper will demonstrate the skills and knowledge I learned through the course. This course had taught me many things in leadership such as management vs leadership, emotional intelligence, team stages of development, situational leadership, servant leadership, and Myers-Brigs Personality assessment tool. Also, while taking this course, I also identified my dependable strengths as well as my areas of weakness. At the beginning, I will talk about my personal definition of leadership. Then, I will summarize my self-evaluation/self-assessment by using MBTI, Big 5, and Emotional Intelligence. I will also talk about one of my area of interest which is Emotional Intelligence. Personal Definition of Leadership As my†¦show more content†¦I’m an introvert which means I usually quiet and focuses on my energy. In sensing, I’m a very detailed person and I usually prefer to taking information with sound and sight. Also, I always make the decision based on the impersonal objective logic. Furthermore, my lifestyle is planned and in an orderly way. Some of the skills that I have are related to the Big 5 that include communication skills and stability under stress skills. My communication skills are related to the extraversion in the Big 5 because I believe that I am good in communication. With good communication skills, I found myself easy to express my feelings and thoughts with others around me. I think it’s better to express my feelings to someone that I feel comfortable with. Also, I like to work in a team and people around me because I think teamwork always bring the positive results. For stability under stress skills, I think it’s related to emotional stability in the Big 5. I feel confident when I’m handling with stress. Also, I always calm myself when dealing with stress or pressure situation. The skills I need to improve and develop on are critical thinking skills because they are really important for my professional career. Critical thinking skill has a big impact on decision making and reflects on the justification of one’s own beliefs and values. Furthermore, critical thinking is crucial for self-reflection which justify and reflect on our values and decision in every life.Show MoreRelatedImproving Knowledge Skills and Abilities678 Words   |  3 PagesReflection paper Improving my knowledge, skills and abilities Throughout the course session I improved my knowledge, skills and abilities as fasr as people relation is concerned by developing a deeper understanding of the roles of Human Resource Management (HRM) in organization, in that, there should be approach for effective HRM. I also realized that Time management skills and organized files are the main key to the HRM functions. 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An Analysis of Asian Gangs Essay - 1714 Words

An Analysis of Asian Gangs Lets say youre by yourself on the subway in New York City. You get on and its not that crowded, theres a bunch of open seats. As you look around, you notice that the car is filled with mainly high school aged kids, mostly boys. On one side there is a spot next to a bunch of African Americans, on the other side its a posse of Asians. Okay, so where are you going to sit? Next to the Asians I bet. What if it was Latinos instead of Blacks, chances are you would still say youd go towards the Asians and shy away from the more typical gang looking kids. When most people think of gangs, they dont really think Asian, its a Black or Hispanic thing right? Well, Asian gangs have been becoming more and†¦show more content†¦Asian gangs are a new phenomenon, yet are quickly becoming more and more common within the United States Asian-Americans have often been stereotyped as the model minority whose values are benign: strong work ethic, low profile, honor students, loyalty of famil y (Sigmund, 1995, p.8). Someone who is quiet, studious, and who plays the violin (Lee, 1992, p.129) preserving the sacred worth of human life, religious faith, community spirit and†¦.to be teachers of tolerance hard work, fiscal responsibility, cooperation and love (Takaki, 1989, p. 474-475). Yet Asian crimes by teens, both individually and in gangs, have been cropping up like weeds†¦.What has gone wrong? (Sigmund, 1995, p.8). There seems to be a huge irony here, when one compares popular views of Asian Americans and their admirable work ethic to the increasing incidences of Asian related youth crimes. 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Blood Test Free Essays

How to Quickly and Easily Understand Your Blood Tests Without A Medical Degree The Simplified Patient Reference Guide By Ronald J. Grisanti D. C. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Test or any similar topic only for you Order Now Limits of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty The author, Ronald Grisanti and publisher, Busatti Corporation have made their best effort to produce a high quality, informative and helpful book. The author and Publisher make no representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy, applicability, fitness or completeness of the contents of this program. They accept no liability of any kind for any losses or damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly, from using the information contained in this book. This book is not intended for use as a source of any legal or medical advice. The Publisher wants to stress that the information contained herein may be subject to varying international, federal, state and/or local laws or regulations. The purchaser or reader of this publication assumes responsibility for the use of these materials and information. All information is intended for your general knowledge only and is not a substitute for medical advice or treatment for specific medical conditions. You should seek prompt medical care for any specific health issues and consult your physician before starting a new fitness regimen. How to Quickly and Easily Understand Your Blood Tests Without A Medical Degree Copyright  © 2004 Busatti Corporation All right reserved worldwide Busatti Corporation and Ronald Grisanti own all right, title, and interest in this publication. No part of this book may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form, in whole or in part, or by any means, mechanical or electronic, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, or transmitted by email, without permission in writing from the Publisher. 2 About the Author Dr. Ronald Grisanti is a practicing chiropractic physician since 1981. In addition to earning his doctorate in chiropractic medicine, Dr. Grisanti is a Board Certified Chiropractic Orthopedist and Board Certified Sports Physician. He is presently completing his Master’s Degree in Nutrition from the University of Bridgeport. In addition, Dr. Grisanti has had extensive training in Functional Diagnostic Medicine and frequently consults with patients suffering with difficult to diagnose health problems like fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, depression, anxiety, acid reflux and other challenging health conditions. His admirable success record has earned him the title, â€Å"Your Medical Detective. † Dr. Grisanti has discovered that many health problems can be successful treated once the underlying cause has been found. He is known for his tenacity and strong will to find the root cause of a patient’s health problem. In 2001, with his ever-growing love for research, Dr. Grisanti launched his weekly medical report titled, â€Å"The Grisanti Report† and has written over 400 articles on a host of medical conditions. His weekly reports have gained worldwide attention and are now read in over 40 countries around the world. His list of subscribers has grown into the thousands. Just recently, Dr. Grisanti launched his exclusive membership site called YourMedicalDetective. com. Dr. Grisanti invites you to take a tour of his new site. Go to www. YourMedicalDetective. com 3 This site gives you exclusive, in-depth information and tools to help you and your doctor track down the real cause of your health challenges and solve them. Dr. Grisanti would like to thank you for purchasing his digital book titled â€Å"How to Quickly and Easily Understand Your Blood Tests Without A Medical Degree. † I believe you will benefit from a book that finally makes sense out of your blood chemistry results. Take care and enjoy the book. 4 Table of Contents Glucose Sodium Potassium Magnesium Chloride Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) Creatinine BUN/Creatinine Ratio Uric Acid Phosphorus Calcium Albumin Calcium Albumin Ratio Globulin A/G Ratio Alkaline Phosphorus SGOT/AST and SGPT/ALT GGT LDH Total Protein Iron Ferritin Triglycerides Cholesterol LDL Cholesterol HDL Cholesterol Cholesterol/HDL Ratio CO2 White Blood Cell Count Neutrophils Monocytes Lymphocytes Eosinophils Basophils Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin Hematocrit Platelets Reticulocyte Count MCV MCH T3 T4 T7 T3 Update TSH Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) 5 Comprehensive Blood Test Guide Don’t you just hate when you get your blood test back and you have absolutely no idea what all those numbers mean on a standard chemistry profile? Well now you can use this book to help you understand your test a bit better. GLUCOSE Glucose: This is the chief source of energy for all living organisms. A level greater than 105 in someone who has fasted for 12 hours suggests a diabetic tendency. If this level is elevated even in a non-fasting setting one must be concerned that there is a risk for developing diabetes. This is an incredibly powerful test and can predict diabetes ten years or more before one develops the strict definition of diabetes which is levels greater than 120. Common Causes of Glucose Increase: Diabetes, poor carbohydrate utilization, syndrome X Less Common Causes of Glucose Increase: Cerebral lesions, uremia, pregnancy, intracranial pressure, cushing’s disease, hyperthyroidism, chronic nephritis, infections, first 24 hours after a severe burn, pancreatitis, cerebral lesions, uremia, early hyperpituitarism Common Causes of Glucose Decrease: Fasting Hypoglycemia Clinical Note: LDH will frequently be decreased or in the low normal with Fasting Hypoglycemia, however, LDH will almost ALWAYS be decreased with Reactive Hypoglycemia Less Common Causes of Glucose Decrease: liver damage, pancreatic adenoma, addison’s disease (adrenal insufficiency), starvation, late hypopituitarism Carcinoma of islet tissue Clinical Adult Range: 70-115 mg/dL Optimal Adult Range: 85-100 mg/dL Red Flag Range 250 mg/dL Clinical Notes: Order Glycohemoglobin (HGB A1C) with serum glucose values above 160 and to monitor diabetics under therapy Nutrition Tip: Thiamine Deficiency has been linked to increase in glucose levels 6 SODIUM Sodium: This element plays an important role in salt and water balance in your body. A low level in the blood can be caused by too much water intake, heart failure, or kidney failure. A low level can also be caused by loss of sodium in diarrhea, fluid or vomiting. A high level can be caused by too much intake of salt or by not enough intake of water. Clinical Adult Range: 135-145 Optimal Adult Range: 140-144 Red Flag Range 155 mmol/L Common Causes of Sodium Increase: Nephritis (kidney problems), dehydration, hypercorticoadrenalism (increased adrenal function) Clinical Notes: Water Softeners have been linked to cause an increase in sodium Common Causes of Sodium Decrease: Reduced kidney filtration, diarrhea, Addison’s disease, adrenal hypo-function POTASSIUM Potassium: This element is found primarily inside the cells of the body. Low levels in the blood may indicate severe diarrhea, alcoholism, or excessive use of water pills. Low potassium levels can cause muscle weakness and heart problems. Clinical Adult Range: 3. 5-5. 0 Optimal Adult Range: 4. 0-4. 6 Red Flag Range 6. mmol/L Common Causes of Potassium Increase: Adrenal hypo-function, cortisol resistance, acidosis, ongoing tissue destruction Common Causes of Potassium Decrease: Diarrhea, diuretic use, kidney problems, adrenal hyperfunction Less Common Causes of Potassium Decrease: Anemia, overdosage of testosterone, hereditary periodic paralysis, hypertension Nutrition Tip: Excessive licorice consumption has been linked to lower potassium levels 7 MAGNESIUM Magnesium: This important element is found in the arteries, heart, bone, muscles, nerves, teeth. Clinical Adult Range: 1. 7-2. 4 Optimal Adult Range: 2. 2-2. 6 Red Flag Range 1. 6 mg/dL Common Causes of Creatinine Increase: Kidney Problems, Gout Clinical Note: If Creatinine is 1. or higher in a male over the age of 40, Prostate Hypertrophy MUST be ruled out Less Common Causes of Creatinine Increase: Renal Hypertension, uncontrolled diabetes, congestive heart failure, urinary tract infection, dehydration Clinical Note: Suspect early nephritis ( kidney disease) if creatinine is between 2-4 mg/dL. Suspect severe nephritis is creatinine is between 4-35 mg/dL Common Causes of Creatinine Decrease: Amyotonia congenita BUN/CREATININE RATIO BUN/Creatinine Ratio: increased values may indicate catabolic st ates, dehydration, circulatory failure leading to fall in renal blood flow, congestive heart failure, acute and chronic renal (kidney) failure, urinary tract obstruction, prostatic enlargement, high protein diet. Decreased values may indicate overhydration, low protein/high carbohydrate diet, pregnancy Clinical Adult Range: 6-10 Optimal Adult Range: 10-16 Red Flag Range 30 Common Causes of BUN/Creatinine Ratio Increase: Kidney problems Less Common Causes of BUN/Creatinine Ratio Increase: Catabolic states, prostatic hypertrophy, high protein diet, dehydration, shock Common Causes of BUN/Creatinine Ratio Decrease: Low protein/high carbohydrate diet, pregnancy 10 URIC ACID Uric Acid: Uric acid is the end product purine metabolism. High levels are seen in gout, infections, high protein diets, and kidney disease. Low levels generally indicate protein and molybdenum (trace mineral) deficiency, liver damage or an overly acid kidney. Clinical Female Range: 2. 4-6. 0 mg/dL Clinical Male Range: 3. 4-7. 0 mg/dL Optimal Female Range: 3. 0-5. 5 mg/dL Optimal Male Adult Range: 3. 5-5. 9 mg/dL Red Flag Range 9. mg/dL Common Causes of Uric Acid Increase: Gout, kidney problems, arteriosclerosis, arthritis Les s Common Causes of Uric Acid Increase: Metallic poisoning (mercury, lead), intestinal obstruction, leukemia, polycythemia, malignant tumors, drug diuretics Common Causes of Uric Acid Decrease: Chronic B-12 or folate anemia, pregnancy Less Common Causes of Uric Acid Increase: Salicylate and atrophine therapy Nutrition Tip: If the uric acid is low with a normal MCV and MCH, a molybdenum deficiency may be present PHOSPHORUS Phosphorus: Phosphorus is closely associated with calcium in bone development. Therefore most of the phosphate in the body is found in the bones. But the phosphorus level in the blood is very important for muscle and nerve function. Very low levels of phosphorus in the blood can be associated with starvation or malnutrition and this can lead to muscle weakness. High levels in the blood are usually associated with kidney disease. However the blood must be drawn carefully as improper handling may falsely increase the reading. Clinical Adult Range: 2. 5-4. 5 Optimal Adult Range: 3. 2-3. 9 Red Flag Range 5. 0 mg/dL Common Causes of Phosphorus Increase: Parathyroid dysfunction, kidney dysfunction, excessive phosphoric acid in soft drinks. Important Fact: Children will have an increase in Phosphorus due to normal bone growth. In addition, people with fractures will usually reveal an increase. Less Common Causes of Phosphorus Increase: Bone tumors, edema, ovarian hyper-function, diabetes, excess intake of vitamin D Common Causes of Phosphorus Decrease: Parathyroid Hyper-function, osteomalacia, rickets 11 Less Common Causes of Phosphorus Decrease: Diabetes, liver dysfunction, protein malnutrition, neurofibromatosis, myxedema Nutrition Tip: Phosphorus is frequently decreased with diets high in refined sugars Clinical Note: Suspect Vitamin D deficiency with low levels of calcium, phosphorus and increased levels of alkaline phosphorus Clinical Note: Phosphorus is a general indicator of digestive function. Consider hypochlorhydria when phosphorus is below 3. 0 and total serum globulin is greater than 3. 0 or less than 2. 4 CALCIUM Calcium: Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body. It is involved in bone metabolism, protein absorption, fat transfer, muscular contraction, transmission of nerve impulses, blood clotting, and heart function. It is highly sensitive to elements such as magnesium, iron, and phosphorous as well as hormonal activity, vitamin D levels, CO2 levels and many drugs. Diet, or even the presence of calcium in the diet has a lot to do with â€Å"calcium balance† – how much calcium you take in and how much you lose from your body. Clinical Adult Range: 8. 5-10. 8 Optimal Adult Range: 9. 7-10. 1 Red Flag Range 12. 0 mg/dL Common Causes of Calcium Increase: Hyperparathyroidism Less Common Causes of Calcium Increase: Tumor of the thyroid, hypervitaminosis (excess Vitamin D), multiple myeloma, neurfibromatosis, osteoporosis, ovarian hypo-function, adrenal hypo-function Clinical Note: Serum protein influences calcium levels. Calcium goes up with increased protein and goes down with decreased protein Common Causes of Calcium Decrease: Hypoparathyroidism, pregnancy, hypochlorhydria, kidney dysfunction Less Common Causes of Calcium Decrease: Vitamin D deficiency, diarrhea, celiac disease, protein malnutrition, chemical/heavy metal toxicity, HPA-axis dysfunction Clinical Fact: Poor intestinal fat absorption may be suspected with low levels of calcium, bilirubin and phosphorus Nutrition Note: Pancreatic enzyme deficiency may be suspected with low levels of calcium, triglycerides and increased levels of LDH 12 Clinical Note: Circadin rhythm abnormality should be a primary consideration with calcium levels either above or below normal ALBUMIN Albumin: The most abundant protein in the blood, it is made in the liver and is an antioxidant that protects your tissues from free radicals. It binds waste products, toxins and dangerous drugs that might damage the body. Is also is a major buffer in the body and plays a role in controlling the precise amount of water in our tissues. It serves to transport vitamins, minerals and hormones. Lower levels are seen in poor diets, diarrhea, fever, infections, liver disease, kidney disease, third-degree burns, edemas or hypocalcemia. Clinical Adult Range: 3. 0-5. 5 Optimal Adult Range: 4. 0-4. 4 Red Flag Range 90U/L Common Causes of GGT Increase: Biliary obstruction, alcoholism, cholangitis/cholecystitis (bile duct and gall bladder inflammation) Clinical Note: If GGT is greater than 150 U/L with a serum bilirubin of over 2. 8 mg/dL, strongly suspect biliary obstruction. Seek immediate medical attention Clinical Note: If GGT values are five times igher than the clinical range suspect pancreatitis Less Common Causes of GGT Increase: Brucellosis, hepatitis, mononucleosis, bacterial and viral infection, malignancy, congestive heart failure biliary. Nutrition Note: Low levels of GGT may indicate a B-6 deficiency. Additional Clinical Notes: Food allergy/sensitivity is a very common finding with biliary dysfunction LDH Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH): LDH is an enzyme found in all tissues in the body. A high level in the blood can result from a number of different diseases such as hepatitis, anemia etc. Also, slightly elevated levels in the blood are common and usually do not indicate disease. The most common sources of LDH are the heart, liver, muscles, and red blood cells. Clinical Adult Range: 60-225U/L Optimal Adult Range: 140-200U/L Red Flag Range ;250U/L Common Causes of LDH Increase: Liver/biliary dysfunction, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction, tissue inflammation, tissue destruction, malignancy anywhere in the body, several types of anemias Clinical Note: LDH will frequently increase with low thyroid function Clinical Note: LDH is frequently increased with birth control usage 16 Nutrition Note: Decrease LDH may indicate reactive hypoglycemia. (Check glucose) TOTAL PROTEIN Total Protein: This is a measure of the total amount of protein in your blood. Total protein is the combination of albumin and total globulin and is affected by the albumin and total globulin. A low or high total protein does not indicate a specific disease, but it does indicate that some additional tests may be required to determine if there is a problem. Clinical Adult Range: 6. 0-8. 5g/dL Optimal Adult Range: 7. 1-7. 6g/dL Red Flag Range 8. g/dL Common Causes of Prote in Increase: Dehydration, â€Å"early† carcinoma, multiple myeloma (should be correlated with serum protein electrophoresis) Less Common Causes of Protein Increase: malignancy, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis Common Causes of Protein Decrease: Protein malnutrition, digestive inflammation (colitis, gastritis) Less Common Causes of Protein Decrease: hypothyroidism, leukemia, adrenal hyper-function, congestive heart failure Nutrition Note: If protein and calcium are found to be on the low side of the optimal range suspect poor protein absorption. Additional Nutrition Notes: Decreased protein, cholesterol and SGPT may indicate fatty liver congestion IRON Iron: The body must have iron to make hemoglobin and to help transfer oxygen to the muscle. If the body is low in iron, all body cells, particularly muscles in adults and brain cells in children, do not function up to par. If this test is low you should consider getting a Ferritin test, especially if you are a female who still has menstrual cycles. Clinical Adult Range: 40-150ug/ml Optimal Adult Range: 50-100ug/ml Red Flag Range 200ug/ml Common Causes of Iron Increase: Hemochromomatosis, liver dysfunction, iron therapy, pernicious and hemolytic anemia Less Common Causes of Iron Increase: cooking with iron utensils 17 Common Causes of Iron Decrease: Pathologic bleeding (especially in geriatric population), iron deficiency anemia Less Common Causes of Protein Decrease: chronic infections, kidney and liver problems Nutrition Note: Increased iron with decreased hemocrit (HCT) suggests intrinsic factor deficiency Clinical Notes: An iron evaluation is not complete without ordering Ferritin (see below) FERRITIN Ferritin: This test is considered the â€Å"gold standard† in documenting iron deficiency anemia. Low levels below 25 indicate a need for iron. High levels may an inflammatory disorder, infections, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease Clinical Male Adult Range: 33-236ng/mL Clinical Female Adult Range (before menopause): 11-122ng/mL Clinical Female Adult Range (after menopause): 12-263ng/mL Optimal Male Adult Range: 20-200ng/mL Optimal Female Adult Range (before menopause): 10-110ng/mL Optimal Female Adult Range(after menopause): 20-200ng/mL Red Flag Range 500ng/mL Common Causes of Ferritin Increase: Iron overload, hemochromatosis Less Common Causes of Ferritin Increase: inflammation, liver disease, rheumatoid arthritis Common Causes of Ferritin Decrease: Iron deficiency nemia Less Common Causes of Ferritin Decrease: Free radical pathology Clinical Notes: Serum ferritin greater than 1000 suspect hemochromatosis Clinical Notes: Iron overload and/or hemochromatosis are silent and can result in cirrhosis of the liver, bacterial infections, dementia, arteriosclerosis, diabetes and stroke Nutrition Note: Doctors specializing in chelation have found a correlation with increased iron and arteriosclerosis. TRIGLYCERIDES Triglycerides: These are fats used as fuel by the body, and as an energy source for metabolism. Increased levels are almost always a sign of too much carbohydrate intake and hyperlipidism. Decreased levels are seen in hyperthyroidism, malnutrition and malabsorption. 18 Clinical Adult Range: 50-150mg/dL Optimal Adult Range: 70-110mg/dL Red Flag Range 350mg/dL Common Causes of Triglycerides Increase: Hyperlipidism, diabetes, alcoholism Less Common Causes of Triglycerides Increase: Hypothyroidism, early stages of fatty liver Common Causes of Triglycerides Decrease: chemical/heavy metal overload, liver dysfunction, hyper thyroid function Clinical Notes: Resistive exercise training has been found to be effective in lowering elevated triglycerides CHOLESTEROL Cholesterol: Group of fats vital to cell membranes, nerve fibers and bile salts, and a necessary precursor for the sex hormones. High levels indicate diet high in carbohydrates/sugars. Low levels indicate low fat diet, malabsorption, anemia, liver disorders, carbohydrate sensitivity. Cholesterol values below 140 are considered one of the four OMINOUS signs. Clinical Adult Range: 120-200mg/dL Optimal Adult Range: 150-180mg/dL Red Flag Range 400mg/dL Common Causes of Cholesterol Increase: Early stages of diabetes, fatty liver, arteriosclerosis, hypothyroidism Less Common Causes of Cholesterol Increase: biliary obstruction, multiple sclerosis, pregnancy Common Causes of Cholesterol Decrease: Liver dysfunction, chemical/heavy metal overload, hyperthyroidism, viral hepatitis, free radical pathology Nutrition Note: Increased cholesterol levels have been found to be lowered y the amino acid methionine Clinical Notes: Cholesterol level below 130 is considered an Ominous sign Clinical Notes: If cholesterol is above 220 with a SGPT below 10 suspect liver congestion/fatty liver LDL CHOLESTEROL LDL Cholesterol: LDL is the cholesterol rich remnants of the lipid transport vehicl e VLDL (very-low density lipoproteins) there have been many studies to correlate the association between high levels of LDL and arterial arteriosclerosis. 19 Clinical Adult Range: 50mg/dL Clinical Adult Female Range: ;55mg/dL Optimal Adult Male Range: ;55mg/dL Optimal Adult Male Range: ;60mg/dL Red Flag Range 3. 0) may indicate intestinal parasites LYMPHOCYTES Lymphocytes: elevated in acute and chronic infections. Decreased in viral infection and immune deficiency Clinical Adult Range: 20-40 percent of total WBC Optimal Adult Range: 25-40 percent of total WBC Red Flag Range 55 percent of total WBC 22 Common Causes of Lymphocytes Increase: Chronic viral or bacterial infection, Childhood diseases (measles, mumps, chicken-pox, rubella, etc. ), HIV, Hepatitis Less Common Causes of Lymphocytes Increase: Chemical/heavy metal toxicity Common Causes of Lymphocytes Decrease: Active infections Clinical Notes: Suspect a viral infections when the lymphocytes increase to a point that either equal or exceeds the neutrophil level EOSINOPHILS Eosinophils: Elevated in allergic conditions, skin diseases, parasitic diseases Clinical Adult Range: 0-7 percent of total WBC Optimal Adult Range: 0-3 percent of total WBC Red Flag Range 55 percent of total WBC Common Causes of Eosinophils Increase: Allergic condition (asthma), food sensitivities, parasitic infection Less Common Causes of Eosinophils Increase: Chemical/heavy metal toxicity, Hodgkin’s disease, ovarian and bone tumors BASOPHILS Basophils: Elevated in Infections Clinical Adult Range: 0-2 percent of total WBC Optimal Adult Range: 0-1 percent of total WBC Red Flag Range 2. 0% Common Causes of Reticulocyte Count Increase: Internal bleeding Common Causes of Reticulocyte Count Decrease: Vitamin b-12, B-6 and folic acid anemia MCV Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) The MCV indicates the volume occupied by the average red blood cell Clinical Adult Range: 81. 0-99. 0cu. microns Optimal Adult Range: 82. 0-89. 9cu. microns Red Flag Range 95. 0cu. microns Common Causes of MCV Count Increase: Vitamin B-12/Folic Acid Anemia Common Causes of MCV Count Decrease: Iron anemia, internal bleeding Clinical Notes: If the MCV is ;89. 9 and the MCH is ;31. 9, suspect Vitamin B-12 or folic anemia. This should be confirmed with a serum or urinary methylmalonic (vitamin B-12) and a serum or urinary homocysteine (folic acid and vitamin B-6) Clinical Notes: If iron, ferritin are normal and MCV, MCH, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit are all decreased, suspect a toxic metal body burden MCH Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) The MCV indicates the volume occupied by the average red blood cell Clinical Adult Range: 26. 0-33. 0micro-micro grams Optimal Adult Range: 27. 0-31. 9micro-micro grams Red Flag Range 34. 0micro-micro grams Common Causes of MCV Count Increase: Vitamin B-12/Folic Acid Anemia Common Causes of MCV Count Decrease: Iron anemia, internal bleeding 26 Clinical Notes: If the MCV is ;89. 9 and the MCH is ;31. 9, suspect Vitamin B-12 or folic anemia. This should be confirmed with a serum or urinary methylmalonic (vitamin B-12) and a serum or urinary homocysteine (folic acid and vitamin B-6) Clinical Notes: If iron, ferritin are normal and MCV, MCH, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit are all decreased, suspect a toxic metal body burden T3 T3 (Tri-Iodothyronine): T-3 is a thyroid hormone produced mainly from the peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T-4) Clinical Adult Range: 22-33% Optimal Adult Range: 26-30% Common Causes of T3 Increase: Hyperthyroidism Common Causes of T3 Decrease: Hypothyroidism T4 T-4 (Tetra-Iodothyronine): T-4 is the major hormone secreted by the thyroid gland. Clinical Adult Range: 4. 0-12. 0mcg/dL Optimal Adult Range: 7. 0-8. 5mcg/dL Common Causes of T4 Increase: Hyperthyroidism Common Causes of T3 Decrease: Hypothyroidism, anterior pituitary hypofunction T7 T7 (FTI-Free Thyroxine Index) FTI is an estimate, calculated from T-4 and T-3 uptake. Clinical Adult Range: 4. 0-12. 0mcg/dL Optimal Adult Range: 7. 0-8. 5mcg/dL Common Causes of T7 Increase: See T-3 uptake Common Causes of T3 Decrease: See T-3 uptake T-3 UPTAKE T-3 Uptake T-3 uptake measures the unsaturated binding sites on the thyroid bindng proteins 27 Clinical Adult Range: 22-36% Optimal Adult Range: 27-37% Red Flag Range 39 percent of uptake Common Causes of T-3 Uptake Increase: Thyroid hyperfunction Less Common Causes of T-3 Uptake Increase: Kidney dysfunction, salicylates toxicity and protein malnutrition Common Causes of T3 Decrease: Thyroid hypo-function TSH TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone): is used to confirm or rule out suspected hypothyroidism when T3, T4, T7 are essentially normal and clinical signs suggest hypothyroidism Clinical Adult Range: 0. 4-4. 4mlU/L Optimal Adult Range: 2. 0-4. 0mlU/L Red Flag Range 10. 0mlU/L Common Causes of TSH Increase: Thyroid hypofunction Less Common Causes of TSH Increase: liver dysfunction Common Causes of TSH Decrease: Thyroid hyper-function, anterior hypofunction Clinical Notes: The axillary temperature (underarm) will frequently be How to cite Blood Test, Papers